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Understanding Our Romanization System

How we write Thai sounds using the Roman alphabet—and why it matters for your learning.

What is Romanization?

Romanization is the process of representing Thai sounds using the Roman (Latin) alphabet—the same letters you're reading right now. Since Thai uses its own unique script with 44 consonants and numerous vowel combinations, romanization helps learners:

  • Pronounce words before learning to read Thai script
  • Remember pronunciations when studying vocabulary
  • Understand tone patterns at a glance
  • Bridge the gap between familiar letters and new sounds

Our Romanization System

We use a system inspired by the Paiboon romanization method, widely considered one of the most learner-friendly approaches to Thai. Our key features:

Tone Diacritics

Every syllable shows its tone using accent marks on vowels (à, â, á, ǎ)—you always know how to pitch your voice.

Unique Consonant Pairs

Special combinations like "bp" and "dt" represent Thai's unaspirated stops—sounds that don't exist in English.

International Compatibility

Uses standard Unicode characters that display correctly on any device, anywhere in the world.

Consistent Rules

The same sound is always written the same way. No guessing, no exceptions—learn once, apply everywhere.

Tone Marks Explained

Thai has 5 tones that change word meanings. We show each tone using a diacritic (accent mark) on the main vowel of each syllable.

a
No mark
Mid Tone

Flat, neutral pitch. Your normal speaking voice.

มา maa "come"
Tip: Like saying "uh" in a neutral way
à
Grave accent
Low Tone

Start low and stay low. Relaxed, descending slightly.

ใหม่ mài "new"
Tip: Like a disappointed "oh..."
â
Circumflex
Falling Tone

Start high, drop sharply. The most dramatic tone.

ไม่ mâi "not"
Tip: Like an emphatic "NO!"
á
Acute accent
High Tone

High pitch throughout, may rise slightly at the end.

ม้า máa "horse"
Tip: Like a surprised "Really?!"
ǎ
Caron (Hacek)
Rising Tone

Dip down first, then rise up. A distinctive swoop.

หมา mǎa "dog"
Tip: Like asking "What?" in English

Quick Reference

a Mid
à Low
â Falling
á High
ǎ Rising

These marks work with any vowel: è, ê, é, ě, ì, î, í, ǐ, ò, ô, ó, ǒ, ù, û, ú, ǔ, etc.

Consonant Representations

Thai has some consonant sounds that don't exist in English. Here's how we represent them.

Stops (Unaspirated)

bp
Between English "b" and "p". No puff of air.
bpai (ไป) = go
dt
ต/ด
Between English "d" and "t". No puff of air.
dtàak (ตลาด) = market
g
Like "g" in "go", but unaspirated.
gài (ไก่) = chicken

Stops (Aspirated)

p
พ/ผ
Like English "p" with a strong puff of air.
pèt (เผ็ด) = spicy
t
ท/ถ
Like English "t" with a strong puff of air.
tai (ไทย) = Thai
k
ค/ข
Like English "k" with a strong puff of air.
kráp (ครับ) = polite particle

Nasals

m
Like English "m".
mâak (มาก) = very
n
น/ณ
Like English "n".
nâam (น้ำ) = water
ng
Like "ng" in "singer". Can start a syllable!
ngern (เงิน) = money

Other Consonants

r
Rolled or tapped "r". Sometimes approximates "l".
rót (รถ) = car
l
Like English "l".
láew (แล้ว) = already
w
Like English "w".
wǎan (หวาน) = sweet
y
Like English "y" in "yes".
yài (ใหญ่) = big
h
ห/ฮ
Like English "h".
hâa (ห้า) = five

Affricates & Fricatives

j
Like English "j" in "jam".
jai (ใจ) = heart/mind
ch
ช/ฉ
Like English "ch" in "cheese".
chûay (ช่วย) = help
s
ส/ศ/ษ
Like English "s".
sǎam (สาม) = three
f
Like English "f".
fǎn (ฝัน) = dream
Key insight: The "bp" and "dt" combinations are crucial. Thai distinguishes between aspirated (with a puff of air) and unaspirated (no puff) consonants. English doesn't make this distinction, so we use these letter pairs to help you remember.

Vowel Representations

Thai has a rich vowel system with distinctions in length and quality. Here's how we represent common vowels.

Simple Vowels

a
Short "a" as in "cup"
gà (กะ)
aa
Long "a" as in "father"
maa (มา) = come
i
Short "i" as in "sit"
gin (กิน) = eat
ii / ee
Long "ee" as in "see"
dii (ดี) = good
u
Short "u" as in "put"
kun (คุณ) = you
uu
Long "oo" as in "food"
rúu (รู้) = know

Other Vowels

e
Short "e" as in "bet"
jèt (เจ็ด) = seven
ee / ay
Long "ay" as in "day"
kee (เก)
ae
"a" as in "cat"
gàe (แก) = old
o
Short "o" as in "not"
hòk (หก) = six
oh / oo
Long "o" as in "go"
bpòht (โปรด) = please
aw / or
"aw" as in "law"
kòr (ขอ) = ask for
er / eu
Like French "eu" or German "ö"
jer (เจอ) = meet
ue / eu
No English equivalent. Like "ee" with rounded lips.
mèu (มือ) = hand

Diphthongs (Vowel Combinations)

ai
Like "eye"
bpai (ไป) = go
ao
Like "ow" in "cow"
khâao (ข้าว) = rice
ia
"ee" + "a"
bpia (เบียร์) = beer
ua
"oo" + "a"
dua (ตัว) = body/classifier
uea / eua
"eu" + "a"
meua (เมื่อ) = when
oi
Like "oy" in "boy"
koi (คอย) = wait
ui
Like "ooey"
dui (ดุ) = fierce
Vowel length matters! Thai distinguishes between short and long vowels. We often use double letters (aa, ii, uu) to indicate long vowels. Short vowels are written with a single letter (a, i, u).

Romanization in Action

See how common Thai words look in our romanization system.

สวัสดี
sà-wàt-dii
Hello/Goodbye
Tones: low-low-mid
ขอบคุณ
kòp-kun
Thank you
Tones: low-mid
ไม่เป็นไร
mâi-bpen-rai
No problem
Tones: falling-mid-mid
อร่อย
à-ròi
Delicious
Tones: low-low
เท่าไหร่
tâo-rài
How much?
Tones: falling-low
ประเทศไทย
bprà-tâyt-tai
Thailand
Tones: low-falling-mid
ห้องน้ำ
hông-nâam
Bathroom
Tones: falling-falling
น้ำเปล่า
nâam-bplào
Plain water
Tones: falling-low

Why We Use This System

1

Precision

Every syllable's tone is marked. No guessing, no memorizing separate tone information—it's right there in the spelling.

2

Readability

The system uses familiar letters and intuitive combinations. If you can read English, you can read our romanization.

3

Consistency

Unlike some systems that use the same letter for different sounds, ours maintains a one-to-one mapping wherever possible.

4

Universal Display

Uses standard Unicode characters that render correctly on phones, computers, and any modern device worldwide.

Important Limitations

Romanization is a powerful learning tool—but it has its limits. Understanding these will help you use it wisely.

It's an approximation

No romanization perfectly captures Thai sounds. Some Thai sounds simply don't exist in English, and letters can only hint at the true pronunciation. Always prioritize listening to native speakers.

Thai speakers don't use it

Romanization exists for learners. In Thailand, everything is written in Thai script. Signs, menus, messages—all Thai. You'll eventually need to learn to read Thai.

Multiple systems exist

Different books, apps, and websites use different romanization systems. What we write as "mâi" might be "mai" or "may" elsewhere. This can be confusing when using multiple resources.

It's a bridge, not a destination

Use romanization to get started, but work toward reading Thai script. Script reading unlocks true fluency and independence in your Thai journey.

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